Most sampling methods are purposive in nature because we usually approach the sampling problem with a specific plan in mind. Simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling fall into the category of simple sampling techniques. Sep 03, 2017 many researchers prefer this sampling technique because it is fast, inexpensive, easy and the subjects are readily available. Researchers choose these samples just because they are easy to recruit, and the researcher did not consider selecting a sample that represents the entire population. Disadvantages a this technique of sampling cannot be used for a large sample. They are also usually the easiest designs to implement. Failed in 1936 the literary digest poll in 1936 used a sample of 10 million, drawn from government lists of automobile and telephone. Used when a sampling frame not available or too expensive, and.
Ch7 sampling techniques university of central arkansas. This type of sampling is also known as nonrandom sampling. An easily accessible nonrandom selection of the population under enquiry is chosen. It is the most commonly used sampling technique as its incredibly prompt, uncomplicated, and economical.
In probability sampling, each element in the population has a known nonzero chance of being selected through the use of a. Convenience sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling in which people are. Convenience sampling an overview sciencedirect topics. Insights from an overview of the methods literature stephen j. The convenience sample here will be confined to the accessible population for the research team. Raj, p4 all these four steps are interwoven and cannot be considered isolated from one another. Rather, subjective methods are used to decide which elements should be included in the sample. A research on the habits, thoughts, views, and opinions of people can help us in the betterment of the society. Simple random sampling and systematic sampling simple random sampling and systematic sampling provide the foundation for almost all of the more complex sampling designs based on probability sampling. In taking a sample of villages from a big state, it is more administratively convenient to consider the districts as strata so that the administrative set up at district level may be used. Sampling gordon lynchi introduction one of the aspects of research design often overlooked by researchers doing fieldwork in the study of religion is the issue of sampling. Convenience sampling is the most easiest way to do that. History of sampling contd dates back to 1920 and started by literary digest, a news magazine published in the u. Convenience sampling also known as grab sampling, accidental sampling, or opportunity sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling that involves the sample being drawn from that part of the population that is close to hand.
In these types of research, the aim is not to test a hypothesis about a broad population, but to develop an initial understanding of a small or underresearched population. However, the use of the method is not adequately explained in most studies. Sampling methods chapter 4 sampling methods that do not ensure each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected into the study voluntary response samples studies that recruit participants through advertising newspaper, magazine, and television surveys haphazard or. Chapter 11 systematic sampling the systematic sampling technique is operationally more convenient than simple random sampling. Convenience sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling. A mall sample consists of the people willing to be interviewed on certain days at certain shopping centers. The principle advantage of this sampling technique is that it permits the available resources to be concentrated on a limited number of units of the frame, but in this sampling technique.
A manual for selecting sampling techniques in research. Any sample in which the probability of a sample members inclusion in the sample cannot be computed is considered to be a convenience sample. However, the pros and cons of convenience sampling presented here cant be denied that although it has some advantages, it also have disadvantages. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, etikan 16 explains the purposive sampling technique, also called judgment sampling, is the deliberate choice of a participant due to the. Purposeful sampling is a technique widely used in qualitative research for the identification and selection of informationrich cases for the most effective use of limited resources patton, 2002. Convenience sampling is a nonprobability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher. Convenience sampling is not preferred way of sampling for effective analysis as samples are taken from specific section of the population. It has the same advantages and disadvantages as quota sampling and it is not guided. Both of these works are typical in that they contain only sparse accounts of the sampling method. The aim of this study is to compare among the two nonrandom sampling techniques in order to know whether one technique is better or useful than the other. Convenience sampling is a nonprobability sampling technique where samples are selected from the population only because they are conveniently available to the researcher.
Sampling techniques introduction to sampling distinguishing between a sample and a population simple random sampling step 1. Convenience sampling also known as availability sampling is a specific type of nonprobability sampling method that relies on data collection from population members who are conveniently available to participate in study. A convenience sample consists of research subjects who were chosen for a study because they could be recruited easily. Pdf comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. Comparision of snowball sampling and sequential sampling. Convenience sampling was used to select the transcripts used in the study. Pdf comparison of convenience sampling and purposive. Examples one of the most common examples of convenience sampling is using student volunteers as. Purposive sampling is an informant selection tool widely used in ethnobotany table 1. Nonrandom sampling is widely used as a case selection method in qualitative research, or for quantitative studies of an exploratory nature where random sampling is too costly, or where it is the only feasible alternative. Perhaps it depends on the type of research being conducted.
Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and. It was used in lindesmiths original study of opiate addiction 1968 as well as in beckers work on marijuana smokers 1966. Convenience sampling is a method of collecting data samples from people or respondents who are easily accessible to the researcher. In the section which sampling technique to use in your research, it has been tried to describe what techniques are most suitable for the various sorts of researches. Pros and cons of different sampling techniques gaganpreet sharma abstract in the field of research different sampling technique are used for different fields. Selection of the sample is at the convenience of the researcher biased. Quota sampling method is a nonprobability sampling and it can be defined as a sampling method of gathering representative data from a group. Accidental sampling is convenience in reading the sampling population, mostly used among marketers or newspaper researchers. However, you should be fully aware of the pros and cons of convenience sampling before you conduct research. Digest successfully predicted the presidential elections in 1920, 1924,1928, 1932 but. Convenience sampling convenience sampling chooses the individuals easiest to reach to be in the sample. Dec 16, 2019 convenience sampling is a method of collecting data samples from people or respondents who are easily accessible to the researcher.
A typical sample of convenience comprises the investigators students in an introductory course. It is relatively commonplace for books and articles in the field particularly written from a humanities perspective to present their empirical data as being of self. Researchers choose these samples just because they are easy to recruit, and the researcher did not consider selecting a sample that represents the. This technique is more reliant on the researchers ability to select elements for a sample.
The qualitative report 2015 volume 20, number 11, article 4, 17721789. Assessing limitations and uses of convenience samples. Nonprobability sampling techniques are often appropriate for exploratory and qualitative research. Convenience sampling technique is applicable to both qualitative and quantitative studies, although it is most frequently used in quantitative studies while purposive sampling is typically used in qualitative studies 5. Convenience sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling in which people are sampled simply because they are convenient sources of data for researchers. In this method of sampling, the first unit is selected with the help of random numbers, and the remaining units. Convenience samples judgemental samples quota sampling. Convenience sampling technique may prove to be effective during exploration stage of the research area, and when conducting pilot data collection in order to. Jul 18, 2019 a convenience sample consists of research subjects who were chosen for a study because they could be recruited easily. It also ensures, at the same time that each unit has an equal probability of inclusion in the sample.
This article studied and compared the two nonprobability sampling techniques namely, convenience sampling and purposive sampling. The most important distinctions among these types of sampling methods are the ones between the different types of purposive sampling approaches. Convenience sampling approaches convenience sampling is characterized by a nonsystematic approach to recruiting respondents that often allows a potential respondent to selfselect into the sample. A frequently used method is contacting people by email. One disadvantage of convenience sampling is that subjects in a convenience sample may not be representative of the population the researcher is interested in studying. Facebook polls or questions can be mentioned as a popular example for. It is very essential to choose the adequate technique of sampling. These nonprobability sampling methods are less desirable than probability samples. Abstractconvenience sampling is one of the most commonly used sampling. Multistage sampling this sample is more comprehensive and representative of the population. The aim of this study is to compare among the two nonrandom sampling techniques in order to know whether one technique is better or useful. Quantitative methods are intended to achieve breadth of understanding while qualitative methods are for the most part. Convenience sampling is a method of collecting samples by taking samples that are conveniently located around a location or internet service.
Sampling techniques in this lecture, our focus only on sampling to really understand and mastery various techniques of sampling impossible to be achieved in just a lecture or in one semester course it is through a lifetime practice as a scientist but it is possible if just only one sampling technique. A sampling frame is a list of the actual cases from which sample will be drawn. Freedman department of statistics university of california berkeley, ca 94720 the basic idea in sampling is extrapolation from the part to the. Although, nonprobability sampling has a lot of limitations due to the subjective nature in choosing the. So one may easily decide which particular technique is applicable and most suitable of his or her research project. In many cases, members are readily approachable to be a part of the sample. Convenience sampling and purposive sampling are nonprobability sampling techniques that a researcher uses to choose a sample of subjectsunits from a population. Sep 19, 2019 nonprobability sampling techniques are often appropriate for exploratory and qualitative research. The subjects are selected just because they are easiest to recruit for the study and the researcher did not consider selecting subjects that are representative of the entire population. When you are asked to survey about the habit of drinking alcohol in your town, you will not go and roam all around. Chapter 3 research design, research method and population 3.
Nonprobability sampling research methods knowledge base. Convenience sampling is the most common form of nonprobabilistic sampling, mostly because it is misused. Pharmaquest c this method maintains the procedure of the finding evaluate the reliability of the sample. The purposive sampling technique, also called judgment sampling, is the deliberate choice of an informant due to the qualities the informant possesses. Fulcomer3 1 walden university, 3758 surrey hill place, upper arlington, oh 43220. Contacting members of the sample stratified random sampling convenience sampling quota sampling thinking critically about. Convenience, accidental or opportunistic sampling is used to find out a cheap estimate of the truth. Multistage sampling technique is also referred to as cluster sampling, it involves the use of samples that are to some extent of clustered. In this paper first we clarify the proper meaning of sampling. Convenience sampling ease of access convenience sampling defined as a group of individuals believed to be representative of the population from which it is selected, but chosen because it is close at hand rather than being randomly selected.
The interviewer has been given quotas to fill from specified subgroups of the population, e. In probability sampling, each element in the population has a known nonzero chance of being selected through the use of a random selection procedure. Check the advantages and disadvantages of convenience sampling. Many researchers prefer this sampling technique because it is fast, inexpensive, easy and the subjects are readily available. This involves identifying and selecting individuals or groups of individuals that are especially knowledgeable about or experienced with a phenomenon of interest. The basic idea in sampling is extrapolation from the part to the. Outcome of sampling might be biased and makes difficult for all the elements of population to be part of the sample equally. We have all seen studies that leverage students in the computer science classes. Administrative convenience can be exercised in stratified sampling. This type of sampling is most useful for pilot testing. Cluster sample a sampling method in which each unit selected is a group of persons all persons in a city block, a family, etc. This study has some limitations which include crosssectional study design, communitybased convenience sampling technique 75 introducing sampling bias, self. Sampling methods chapter 4 sampling methods that do not ensure each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected into the study voluntary response samples studies that recruit participants through advertising newspaper, magazine, and television surveys haphazard or convenience samples.
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